The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
We explored how selenium supplementation might help individuals suffering from Graves' orbitopathy, an autoimmune disorder linked to thyroid dysfunction. Our approach involved a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed results from four randomized controlled trials.
The findings revealed that selenium supplementation had a significant positive impact on various aspects of Graves' orbitopathy. Over a period of six months, patients taking selenium showed a notable reduction in clinical activity scores, which reflect the severity of eye symptoms. Furthermore, their quality of life also improved significantly.
We observed improvements not only in the overall quality of life specific to eye conditions, but also in visual and psychological functioning scores. Additionally, selenium appeared to reduce the width of the eyelids, providing further benefits for eye-related symptoms. However, we found no significant changes in other areas, such as eye bulging or muscle movement abilities.
Importantly, selenium supplementation was deemed safe with minor side effects reported, suggesting it could be a viable option for managing Graves' orbitopathy. While our results are promising, we believe further research is needed to thoroughly validate the long-term effectiveness and safety of selenium treatment for this condition.
Read More
0
Selenium supplementation ineffective for AITD
A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of selenium on autoimmune thyroid disease.
We aimed to explore how selenium affects autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), specifically looking at three conditions: autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves' disease (GD). Using a research method called Mendelian randomization, we analyzed genetic data to establish potential causal links between selenium levels and these autoimmune disorders.
Our findings highlighted an important conclusion: selenium does not appear to have a significant impact on the risk of developing AIT, AIH, or GD. The statistical analysis revealed no causal relationship, and we found that the odds ratios for each condition were close to one, indicating no discernible benefit from selenium.
Given these results, it is clear that indiscriminate supplementation of selenium for individuals with autoimmune thyroid conditions is not supported. Patients should avoid unnecessary selenium intake unless they are specifically deficient in this nutrient.
Read More
9
Selenium reduces thyroid autoantibodies
Effects of different supplements on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
We explored the effects of selenium supplements on patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder that can affect thyroid function. Through a structured analysis of studies, we focused on how selenium could potentially lower the levels of thyroid autoantibodies.
Our research involved a careful review of data from reputable databases, including PubMed and Cochrane, which identified several studies examining the effectiveness of selenium, Vitamin D, and Myo-inositol. Among these, the results showed that selenium supplementation significantly reduced both thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) when compared to a placebo group.
Interestingly, other supplements like Myo-inositol and Vitamin D, both individually and in combination with selenium, did not show a significant effect in reducing the autoantibody levels. Based on these findings, it appears that incorporating selenium into treatment regimens may offer a beneficial adjunct for those managing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Cysts disappeared
7 people found this helpful
The doctor prescribed selenium, so I ordered it along with iodine from Iherb for better quality. I take 200 micrograms of selenium and three drops of iodine. After six months, I had a follow-up ultrasound and the cysts in my mammary glands have disappeared. These cysts formed due to iodine deficiency, so it's essential to replenish selenium first to ensure iodine isn't toxic. I'm happy with the outcome—thank you for the thumbs up!
Read More
9
Promotes calmness
3 people found this helpful
Worthy product! Always consult a doctor before use, as excessive selenium can be harmful. Too much can lead to nervous disorders, skin issues, and hair loss. After consulting, I took two tablets daily without any side effects. They are small, easy to swallow and tasteless. I noticed improvements not only in hair and nails but also in my nervous system. I've been able to sleep more easily and manage irritability, making me calmer and more resilient to stress. I recommend it!
Read More
9
Reduces antibodies
2 people found this helpful
As someone with autoimmune thyroiditis, I find selenium essential. It's a trace element crucial for enzymes involved in thyroid and immune function. Both low and high levels of selenium can negatively impact health. Selenium effectively lowers antibodies to thyroid peroxidase in autoimmune thyroiditis patients and enhances life quality for those with endocrine ophthalmopathy. I prefer pills, as capsules make me feel nauseous, but this supplement works well for me.
We explored the effects of selenium supplements on patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder that can affect thyroid function. Through a structured analysis of studies, we focused on how selenium could potentially lower the levels of thyroid autoantibodies.
Our research involved a careful review of data from reputable databases, including PubMed and Cochrane, which identified several studies examining the effectiveness of selenium, Vitamin D, and Myo-inositol. Among these, the results showed that selenium supplementation significantly reduced both thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) when compared to a placebo group.
Interestingly, other supplements like Myo-inositol and Vitamin D, both individually and in combination with selenium, did not show a significant effect in reducing the autoantibody levels. Based on these findings, it appears that incorporating selenium into treatment regimens may offer a beneficial adjunct for those managing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Read More
9
Selenium aids Graves' orbitopathy treatment
The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
We explored how selenium supplementation might help individuals suffering from Graves' orbitopathy, an autoimmune disorder linked to thyroid dysfunction. Our approach involved a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed results from four randomized controlled trials.
The findings revealed that selenium supplementation had a significant positive impact on various aspects of Graves' orbitopathy. Over a period of six months, patients taking selenium showed a notable reduction in clinical activity scores, which reflect the severity of eye symptoms. Furthermore, their quality of life also improved significantly.
We observed improvements not only in the overall quality of life specific to eye conditions, but also in visual and psychological functioning scores. Additionally, selenium appeared to reduce the width of the eyelids, providing further benefits for eye-related symptoms. However, we found no significant changes in other areas, such as eye bulging or muscle movement abilities.
Importantly, selenium supplementation was deemed safe with minor side effects reported, suggesting it could be a viable option for managing Graves' orbitopathy. While our results are promising, we believe further research is needed to thoroughly validate the long-term effectiveness and safety of selenium treatment for this condition.
Read More
9
Selenium benefits autoimmune thyroiditis
Reassessing Selenium for the Management of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: The Selini Shines Bright for Autoimmune Thyroiditis Patients.
The study we looked into focused on selenium's impact on autoimmune thyroiditis, particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis. By analyzing whether selenium supplementation could offer relief or improvement in symptoms, we delved into its potential benefits for patients battling this often frustrating condition.
Through careful examination and relevant data, we observed that selenium may play a significant role in managing autoimmune thyroid disorders. Patients receiving selenium supplements tended to show improved thyroid function and reduced autoimmune response markers. This finding opens the door for a natural approach to complement traditional treatments in dealing with Hashimoto’s.
Overall, we found evidence supporting the use of selenium as a valuable addition to the treatment regimen for patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. This research enhances our understanding of how selenium could provide benefits and encourages further exploration in this area.
Read More
8
Selenium's impact on autoimmune thyroiditis
Selenium nutritional status and thyroid dysfunction.
We observed that selenium, an essential micronutrient, significantly impacts thyroid health, especially in the context of autoimmune disorders. When serum selenium levels are low, such as in conditions like autoimmune thyroiditis, glutathione peroxidase activity decreases. This decline can lead to increased oxidative stress, resulting in further damage to thyroid tissue.
Specifically, in cases of Graves' disease, selenium supplementation has been found to help patients achieve euthyroidism more quickly. It also appears to improve overall quality of life and may reduce symptoms associated with the disease, such as less orbital involvement and slowed progression of eye complications. This suggests that selenium not only supports metabolic processes but may also provide therapeutic benefits in specific autoimmune conditions.
However, while some studies do point to selenium's potential advantages, the current body of evidence remains somewhat limited. There is still not enough conclusive data to fully endorse selenium supplementation for all patients with thyroid disorders. We recognize that future research needs to clarify the exact role of selenium in preventing or treating thyroid diseases.
Read More
8
Selenium improves gut immune health
Single-cell analyses of intestinal epithelium reveal the dysregulation of gut immune microenvironment in systemic lupus erythematosus.
We explored the effects of selenium treatment on immune dysregulation in lupus, a common autoimmune disorder. In our study, we compared mice with lupus to healthy control mice using advanced single-cell RNA sequencing techniques. This research aimed to clarify whether selenium could help improve gut health and alleviate symptoms associated with lupus.
Our findings revealed a significant decrease in specific immune cells known as CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the lupus mice. At the same time, we observed an increase in another type of immune cell, CD8αβ + IELs, which displayed enhanced activity. Notably, selenium treatment effectively reversed the loss of a particular subset of immune cells known as γδT. This treatment also improved the gut barrier, which is crucial for immune health, and helped alleviate some lupus symptoms.
As we analyzed the data, it became clear that selenium not only supports the immune system by restoring certain cell types but also reduces oxidative stress in the gut. By enhancing the gut's immunological environment, selenium may provide new avenues for managing lupus and other autoimmune disorders.
The doctor prescribed selenium, so I ordered it along with iodine from Iherb for better quality. I take 200 micrograms of selenium and three drops of iodine. After six months, I had a follow-up ultrasound and the cysts in my mammary glands have disappeared. These cysts formed due to iodine deficiency, so it's essential to replenish selenium first to ensure iodine isn't toxic. I'm happy with the outcome—thank you for the thumbs up!
Read More
9
Promotes calmness
3 people found this helpful
Worthy product! Always consult a doctor before use, as excessive selenium can be harmful. Too much can lead to nervous disorders, skin issues, and hair loss. After consulting, I took two tablets daily without any side effects. They are small, easy to swallow and tasteless. I noticed improvements not only in hair and nails but also in my nervous system. I've been able to sleep more easily and manage irritability, making me calmer and more resilient to stress. I recommend it!
Read More
9
Reduces antibodies
2 people found this helpful
As someone with autoimmune thyroiditis, I find selenium essential. It's a trace element crucial for enzymes involved in thyroid and immune function. Both low and high levels of selenium can negatively impact health. Selenium effectively lowers antibodies to thyroid peroxidase in autoimmune thyroiditis patients and enhances life quality for those with endocrine ophthalmopathy. I prefer pills, as capsules make me feel nauseous, but this supplement works well for me.
Read More
7.5
Improves nail growth
1 people found this helpful
I take selenium with iodine to support my thyroid, as advised by my endocrinologist. I've been using this product for two months and experienced no side effects. I've noticed significant nail and hair growth, along with a remarkable decrease in hair loss. I'm very satisfied with the results and highly recommend it for those seeking health and beauty.
Read More
9
Noticeable improvement
I ordered this on my doctor's recommendation. After taking it, I've felt a noticeable improvement in my health.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
An autoimmune disorder occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells and tissues, believing them to be foreign invaders, such as bacteria or viruses. This reaction can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and impaired function of the affected organs. There are over 80 known autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes, each with its own specific symptoms and treatment options. The exact cause of these disorders is still unclear, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors is believed to play a role in their development.
Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders often involves a combination of physical examinations, assessment of symptoms, blood tests, and imaging studies to evaluate organ involvement. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and controlling the immune response using medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. In addition to medication, lifestyle modifications, such as stress management and a balanced diet, can be beneficial in managing symptoms. If you suspect you have an autoimmune condition, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and tailored treatment options.
Selenium is a powerful and widely used open-source tool designed for automating web applications for testing purposes. It enables developers and testers to write code in various programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, and Ruby to simulate user interactions with a web browser. Selenium's flexibility allows users to create complex test scenarios that mimic real-world user behaviors, making it an essential tool for ensuring web application functionality and performance.
In addition to its core functionalities, Selenium consists of several components, including Selenium WebDriver for automating browsers, Selenium Grid for running tests across multiple machines and environments in parallel, and Selenium IDE for record-and-playback test creation. Its compatibility with multiple browser types—such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge—makes it a versatile choice for automated testing, catering to a wide range of projects and team needs. For anyone involved in web development or quality assurance, understanding and utilizing Selenium can significantly improve testing efficiency and reliability.
Based on user reviews, individuals taking selenium for autoimmune disorders, particularly autoimmune thyroiditis, report varying timelines for noticing improvements. For instance, one user noted significant health benefits after just two months of daily use, including increased hair and nail growth along with a decrease in hair loss Read Review. Another user mentioned a follow-up ultrasound after six months that showed a positive outcome, as their cysts had disappeared, indicating the effectiveness of the supplement over a longer period Read Review.
Generally, while some users see noticeable changes within a couple of months, others might find that more substantial results take longer, around six months, particularly for conditions involving hormonal and autoimmune interactions. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen to tailor it according to individual health needs and to monitor progress over time.
The role of selenium in managing autoimmune disorders is supported by a collection of scientific research, particularly regarding its effects on thyroid health and conditions such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Selenium supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce thyroid autoantibodies in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which may aid in managing this autoimmune condition [3]. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that selenium can improve symptoms and quality of life for patients with Graves' orbitopathy, an eye disorder associated with thyroid dysfunction [5]. Although there's evidence suggesting benefits, researchers caution that the current body of evidence is somewhat limited, and more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of selenium supplementation for all autoimmune disorders [1].
On a broader scale, trials have explored selenium's effects on other autoimmune conditions, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. In lupus models, selenium treatment was associated with enhanced immune function and reduced oxidative stress, indicating potential therapeutic avenues [2]. However, it's essential to note that some studies, particularly those using genetic analysis, have found no significant causal link between selenium and the risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases [7]. This underscores the need for personalized approaches, as selenium may benefit some individuals while not being universally beneficial for all autoimmune conditions.
Users report a variety of positive improvements in their symptoms after incorporating selenium into their health regimen. Many have noted significant enhancements in hair and nail growth, as well as a reduction in hair loss. One user, for instance, shared that after taking selenium for two months, they experienced remarkable nail and hair growth alongside a decrease in hair loss, which led them to highly recommend the supplement for health and beauty purposes Read Review. Another user emphasized improvements in both their nervous system and overall stress management, stating that they found it easier to sleep and felt calmer and more resilient after using the product Read Review.
Additionally, users managing autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, have reported more specific benefits, including lowered thyroid antibodies and improved general quality of life Read Review. A notable success story involved one user whose mammary gland cysts disappeared after six months of selenium supplementation, underscoring the potential lengthy benefits of this mineral in conjunction with iodine Read Review. While individual results can vary, these anecdotal experiences highlight the diverse ways selenium may support health.
Users report that combining selenium with other supplements, particularly iodine, can be beneficial for managing autoimmune disorders. One user highlighted the success they experienced when taking selenium alongside iodine, resulting in the disappearance of cysts linked to iodine deficiency Read Review. They noted the importance of ensuring adequate selenium levels first to mitigate any potential toxicity from iodine supplementation. This suggests that a coordinated approach may enhance the efficacy of both supplements, particularly in conditions like autoimmune thyroiditis.
Furthermore, individuals with autoimmune issues, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, have emphasized the significance of selenium in supporting immune function and regulating thyroid antibodies Read Review. Users have indicated that taking selenium has improved their overall quality of life, which may be further aided by combining it with other beneficial nutrients under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Overall, the user experiences suggest that thoughtful supplementation, especially with iodine, can lead to enhanced health outcomes in those managing autoimmune disorders.
Based on user reviews, the right dose of Selenium for treating Autoimmune Disorder appears to vary, but there are some consistent observations. For instance, one user reports taking 200 micrograms of Selenium daily along with iodine, which led to a significant improvement in their health, as evidenced by the disappearance of cysts in their mammary glands Read Review. Another review mentions taking two tablets daily without side effects, leading to improvements in hair and nail health as well as overall mood, indicating that a moderate dosage can yield positive results without adverse effects Read Review.
Users emphasize the importance of consulting with a healthcare professional regarding the appropriate dosage, as both low and high levels of Selenium could impact health negatively Read Review. It's noted that Selenium can be particularly beneficial for individuals with autoimmune thyroiditis, as it positively influences thyroid function and can lower antibodies associated with the condition. Overall, a dosage within the range of 200 micrograms to the thresholds suggested by healthcare providers seems to be well-received among users looking to manage autoimmune disorders effectively.
7.5
Improves nail growth
1 people found this helpful
I take selenium with iodine to support my thyroid, as advised by my endocrinologist. I've been using this product for two months and experienced no side effects. I've noticed significant nail and hair growth, along with a remarkable decrease in hair loss. I'm very satisfied with the results and highly recommend it for those seeking health and beauty.
9
Cysts disappeared
7 people found this helpful
The doctor prescribed selenium, so I ordered it along with iodine from Iherb for better quality. I take 200 micrograms of selenium and three drops of iodine. After six months, I had a follow-up ultrasound and the cysts in my mammary glands have disappeared. These cysts formed due to iodine deficiency, so it's essential to replenish selenium first to ensure iodine isn't toxic. I'm happy with the outcome—thank you for the thumbs up!
9
Promotes calmness
3 people found this helpful
Worthy product! Always consult a doctor before use, as excessive selenium can be harmful. Too much can lead to nervous disorders, skin issues, and hair loss. After consulting, I took two tablets daily without any side effects. They are small, easy to swallow and tasteless. I noticed improvements not only in hair and nails but also in my nervous system. I've been able to sleep more easily and manage irritability, making me calmer and more resilient to stress. I recommend it!
9
Reduces antibodies
2 people found this helpful
As someone with autoimmune thyroiditis, I find selenium essential. It's a trace element crucial for enzymes involved in thyroid and immune function. Both low and high levels of selenium can negatively impact health. Selenium effectively lowers antibodies to thyroid peroxidase in autoimmune thyroiditis patients and enhances life quality for those with endocrine ophthalmopathy. I prefer pills, as capsules make me feel nauseous, but this supplement works well for me.
9
Selenium reduces thyroid autoantibodies
Effects of different supplements on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
We explored the effects of selenium supplements on patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder that can affect thyroid function. Through a structured analysis of studies, we focused on how selenium could potentially lower the levels of thyroid autoantibodies.
Our research involved a careful review of data from reputable databases, including PubMed and Cochrane, which identified several studies examining the effectiveness of selenium, Vitamin D, and Myo-inositol. Among these, the results showed that selenium supplementation significantly reduced both thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) when compared to a placebo group.
Interestingly, other supplements like Myo-inositol and Vitamin D, both individually and in combination with selenium, did not show a significant effect in reducing the autoantibody levels. Based on these findings, it appears that incorporating selenium into treatment regimens may offer a beneficial adjunct for those managing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
9
Selenium aids Graves' orbitopathy treatment
The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
We explored how selenium supplementation might help individuals suffering from Graves' orbitopathy, an autoimmune disorder linked to thyroid dysfunction. Our approach involved a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed results from four randomized controlled trials.
The findings revealed that selenium supplementation had a significant positive impact on various aspects of Graves' orbitopathy. Over a period of six months, patients taking selenium showed a notable reduction in clinical activity scores, which reflect the severity of eye symptoms. Furthermore, their quality of life also improved significantly.
We observed improvements not only in the overall quality of life specific to eye conditions, but also in visual and psychological functioning scores. Additionally, selenium appeared to reduce the width of the eyelids, providing further benefits for eye-related symptoms. However, we found no significant changes in other areas, such as eye bulging or muscle movement abilities.
Importantly, selenium supplementation was deemed safe with minor side effects reported, suggesting it could be a viable option for managing Graves' orbitopathy. While our results are promising, we believe further research is needed to thoroughly validate the long-term effectiveness and safety of selenium treatment for this condition.
8
Selenium's impact on autoimmune thyroiditis
Selenium nutritional status and thyroid dysfunction.
We observed that selenium, an essential micronutrient, significantly impacts thyroid health, especially in the context of autoimmune disorders. When serum selenium levels are low, such as in conditions like autoimmune thyroiditis, glutathione peroxidase activity decreases. This decline can lead to increased oxidative stress, resulting in further damage to thyroid tissue.
Specifically, in cases of Graves' disease, selenium supplementation has been found to help patients achieve euthyroidism more quickly. It also appears to improve overall quality of life and may reduce symptoms associated with the disease, such as less orbital involvement and slowed progression of eye complications. This suggests that selenium not only supports metabolic processes but may also provide therapeutic benefits in specific autoimmune conditions.
However, while some studies do point to selenium's potential advantages, the current body of evidence remains somewhat limited. There is still not enough conclusive data to fully endorse selenium supplementation for all patients with thyroid disorders. We recognize that future research needs to clarify the exact role of selenium in preventing or treating thyroid diseases.
8
Selenium improves gut immune health
Single-cell analyses of intestinal epithelium reveal the dysregulation of gut immune microenvironment in systemic lupus erythematosus.
We explored the effects of selenium treatment on immune dysregulation in lupus, a common autoimmune disorder. In our study, we compared mice with lupus to healthy control mice using advanced single-cell RNA sequencing techniques. This research aimed to clarify whether selenium could help improve gut health and alleviate symptoms associated with lupus.
Our findings revealed a significant decrease in specific immune cells known as CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the lupus mice. At the same time, we observed an increase in another type of immune cell, CD8αβ + IELs, which displayed enhanced activity. Notably, selenium treatment effectively reversed the loss of a particular subset of immune cells known as γδT. This treatment also improved the gut barrier, which is crucial for immune health, and helped alleviate some lupus symptoms.
As we analyzed the data, it became clear that selenium not only supports the immune system by restoring certain cell types but also reduces oxidative stress in the gut. By enhancing the gut's immunological environment, selenium may provide new avenues for managing lupus and other autoimmune disorders.
0
Selenium supplementation ineffective for AITD
A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of selenium on autoimmune thyroid disease.
We aimed to explore how selenium affects autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), specifically looking at three conditions: autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves' disease (GD). Using a research method called Mendelian randomization, we analyzed genetic data to establish potential causal links between selenium levels and these autoimmune disorders.
Our findings highlighted an important conclusion: selenium does not appear to have a significant impact on the risk of developing AIT, AIH, or GD. The statistical analysis revealed no causal relationship, and we found that the odds ratios for each condition were close to one, indicating no discernible benefit from selenium.
Given these results, it is clear that indiscriminate supplementation of selenium for individuals with autoimmune thyroid conditions is not supported. Patients should avoid unnecessary selenium intake unless they are specifically deficient in this nutrient.
References
Souza LSL, Campos RO, Braga JS, Jesus JDS, Ramos HE, et al. Selenium nutritional status and thyroid dysfunction. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2025;69:e230348. doi:10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0348
Wang Q, Wu Y, Ouyang L, Min X, Zheng M, et al. Single-cell analyses of intestinal epithelium reveal the dysregulation of gut immune microenvironment in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Transl Med. 2025;23:118. doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06147-5
Peng B, Wang W, Gu Q, Wang P, Teng W, et al. Effects of different supplements on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1445878. doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1445878
Wahl L, Samson Chillon T, Seemann P, Ohrndorf S, Ochwadt R, et al. Serum selenium, selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase 3 in rheumatoid, psoriatic, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. J Nutr Biochem. 2025;135:109776. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109776
Sharabati I, Qafesha RM, Hindawi MD, Amro S, Ayesh BM. The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2024;101:669. doi:10.1111/cen.15128
Chung CW, Kim K, Park SK, Ju DL, Park YJ, et al. Selenium levels and their association with thyroid autoimmunity and severe preeclampsia in pregnancy: Insights from a prospective ideal breast milk cohort study. Eur Thyroid J. 2024;13. doi:10.1530/ETJ-24-0007
Hu C, Yu YF, Tong KK, Hu G, Wu JY, et al. A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of selenium on autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024;28:2988. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202404_36011
Khalil DY, Hussein RH, El-Kholy WM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Loaded with Selenium or Nano Selenium as a Novel Therapeutic Paradigm for Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Rats. Biology (Basel). 2024;13. doi:10.3390/biology13040253
Potita P, Pruksakorn V, Srichomkwun P, Kingpetch K, Saonanon P. Selenium supplementation in inactive moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy patients: a randomized controlled trial. Orbit. 2024;43:329. doi:10.1080/01676830.2024.2315566
Duntas LH. Reassessing Selenium for the Management of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: The Selini Shines Bright for Autoimmune Thyroiditis Patients. Thyroid. 2024;34:292. doi:10.1089/thy.2024.0078
Wang S, Chen P, He Y, Wei J, Tian L, et al. A follow-up study on factors affecting the recovery of patients with hypothyroidism in different selenium environments. BMC Endocr Disord. 2024;24:14. doi:10.1186/s12902-024-01536-1
Huwiler VV, Maissen-Abgottspon S, Stanga Z, Mühlebach S, Trepp R, et al. Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Thyroid. 2024;34:295. doi:10.1089/thy.2023.0556
Wang C, Qiao J, Liu S, Piao S, Zhou Y, et al. Selenium in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Graves' orbitopathy: a 5-year prospective controlled cohort study. Endocrine. 2024;84:1072. doi:10.1007/s12020-023-03672-5
Yavari M, Akbari M, Ramezani Ahmadi A, Siavash Dastjerdi M, Hashemi MS. Investigating the effect of combined use of selenium and Myo-inositol supplements on thyroid function and autoimmune characteristics in thyroid disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2024;19:269. doi:10.1080/17446651.2023.2295487
Foos W, Maliakkal Hernandez J, Mansour TN. Selenium supplementation in thyroid eye disease: an updated review from a clinical ophthalmic perspective. Orbit. 2024;43:790. doi:10.1080/01676830.2023.2276783
Rezaeimanesh N, Rafiee P, Saeedi R, Khosravian P, Sahraian MA, et al. The effect of crocin-selenium nanoparticles on the cognition and oxidative stress markers of multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized triple-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biometals. 2024;37:305. doi:10.1007/s10534-023-00548-z
Chen X, Yang Y, Chen J, He Y, Huang Y, et al. Dual-driven selenium Janus single-atom nanomotors for autonomous regulating mitochondrial oxygen imbalance to catalytic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Redox Biol. 2025;81:103574. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2025.103574